Understanding Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents
It can be overwhelming and understandably challenging as a parent or caregiver to witness a child or adolescent struggling with an eating disorder. Eating disorders impact every aspect of a young person's life, including how they see themselves and even their sense of control in a world that sometimes feels unpredictable. However, with understanding, early intervention, and a supportive environment, there is hope to find a way back to health, and yes, recovery is possible.
Prevalence and Demographics
In the UK, according to NHS data, teenagers are increasingly reporting symptoms related to eating disorders. Further, societal perception that eating disorders mainly affect females is shifting, with the growing evidence that eating disorders also have a significant impact on males and those of diverse backgrounds and communities as well.
Types of Eating Disorders and Symptoms
Eating disorders are complex mental health conditions that can take many forms. Some common types include:
Anorexia Nervosa
Often characterised by extreme dietary restrictions, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body image, leading to underweight conditions and impacting overall health.
Bulimia Nervosa
A cycle of binge eating followed by purging behaviours like vomiting, laxative use, or excessive exercise. Warning signs include preoccupation with body image and frequent visits to the bathroom after meals.
Binge Eating Disorder
Binge Eating Disorder does not involve purging. Instead, it leads to episodes of eating large amounts of food with a feeling of losing control.
Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED)
OSFED refers to situations where individuals may exhibit eating disorder symptoms without fitting the criteria for specific disorders. These cases are very common and still require professional treatment despite not qualifying under a single category.
Causes behind eating disorders
Psychological and Emotional Factors
Low self-esteem and anxiety can be significant contributors. Children and teenagers suffering from eating disorders often use food control as a means to cope with emotional distress.
Social and Environmental Influences
Societal pressures, including media portrayals of ideal body types, significantly influence eating behaviours among youth, which fosters negative perceptions of their own body.
Family Dynamics and Trauma
Family relationships and significant life changes, including exposure to trauma or conflict, can sometimes play a role in contributing to an eating disorder developing. That said, we know that eating disorders can also occur even amongst very happy, settled and loving families.
Recognising Early Warning Signs and Symptoms
Physical Signs
Notable changes in weight, fatigue, and physical appearance can be early indicators. Delays in growth and development might also be witnessed due to nutritional deficiencies.
Behavioural Signs
Obsessive behaviours regarding food, including frequent dieting and avoidance of meals, often signify deeper issues. Social withdrawal and lack of interest in activities are additional red flags.
Emotional Signs
Mood swings, increased irritability, and signs of anxiety are common in those dealing with eating disorders.
Impact on Long-term Health
Untreated eating disorders could lead to significant long-term health complications, such as cardiovascular issues and osteoporosis. Addressing eating disorders early can help prevent the development of such health conditions. Recognising symptoms sooner can offer better outcomes for young individuals.
Treatment Options for Eating Disorders in Young People
Therapy and Counselling
Therapies like Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Family-Based Therapy (FBT) have shown effectiveness in treating eating disorders, addressing both the psychological and behavioural aspects.
Parental and Family Support
Families play a crucial role in the recovery process of eating disorders as young people may be in denial about the extent of their difficulties at the start of treatment and can be reluctant to make changes on their own. Involving family members in the treatment process can also provide support and accountability.
Inpatient vs. Outpatient Programmes
Treatment varies in intensity, from outpatient programmes where people can be seen generally once or twice a week, to inpatient facilities where regular medical supervision is necessary.
How Parents and Caregivers Can Help
Open Communication and Listening
Allowing children to express their feelings without judgement makes young people feel safe. Regular, open conversations can help them feel understood and less isolated.
Encourage Professional Help
Suggest seeking help from a specialist therapist or clinician as an opportunity to talk openly and explore what’s going on for them in a safe, non-judgmental space.
Supporting a young person with an eating disorder can be challenging, and seeking guidance from a specialist therapist or clinician can make a profound difference. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and available treatment options is essential for parents and caregivers navigating this journey.
At The London Centre, we also provide dedicated support sessions for parents and carers. These sessions are an opportunity to speak with qualified professionals about how to best support your young person at home and gain insight into the most effective treatment pathways available.
If you’re looking for informed, compassionate guidance, our team is here to help you and your young person feel empowered and supported every step of the way.
Through early detection and support, recovery is possible.